US History Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the federal governments attitudes and actions towards blacks and Native Americans civil rights in the 19th century were very different they also had lots of similarities. Both blacks and Native Americans were treated poorly and did not have many rights. Blacks were slaves and Indians (Native Americans) were fighting to stay alive. All these negative actions were a bad look for a country that was growing bigger and bigger by the day to someday reach what the United States is today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culture was a huge part of Indian life in the 19th century, from hunting buffalo and respecting and loving the lands that they lived on to amazing spiritual and religious ceremonies. Blacks did not have much culture because they were mostly all born slaves in the U.S.; except for the ones that were born in Africa and had good memories about they’re past culture. There were also elder slaves that had experienced the African culture who tried to pass it on to the American born slaves who didn’t have any sense of there culture. From the 1850’s all the way until 1924 the Indians were battling the U.S. militia, government and army. The Indians were being kicked off there land and forced onto reservations. Many battles such as Red Clouds war in 1863, Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 and even the Battle of Little Big Horn (Custer’s last stand) in 1876 are all examples of battles that the Indians fought against U.S. men. Many of these batt...

The United States Constitution is a living Document

The Constitution of The United States is a living document. I believe it is because we can amend it. We have amended it 27 times. The first 10 amendments are known as our Bill of Rights, which are our basic rights as American citizens. This document started with no amendments, but our government has added them when the document needs to grow with society. The United States Constitution has been the Law of the Land since 1788 when it was adopted. In the Preamble of the constitution it states why it was written. These reasons include, to form a more perfect nion, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility. Since it has been in effect for over 200 years and has stood the test of time other countries have used our Constitution to base their countries constitutions on. I believe the truly genius thing about the constitution is the way it was written. Several phrases are written very loosely, and this has allowed us to make changes or amend it. That is why it is called a â€Å"living document†, because like a living changing person, this document can also live and change. Over 200 years ago when this document was written, the framers could never have predicted what changes their future society would have. So by leaving phrases unclear it left this document open to interpretation. We are now able to reinterpret it and amend it if need be through the Supreme Court and House of Representatives. In the summer of 1787 when The Constitutional Convention was being conducted, these men would never know how in the future we would need to ensure that homosexuals would in the future be left out of constitutional rights. Morally they would never be able to justify this concept. But today it is a very controversial issue. Homosexuals are not allowed in most states to marry. They will argue that it is unconstitutional, and that the 14th Amendment states that any person who is a U. S. citizen should not be deprived life, liberty, or property, and all citizens should have equal rights and equal protection of the law. The blacks went through this, they had to fight to be treated as equals and just like them the homosexuals of America are now taking their turn in reinterpreting this mendment . To deny them of their constitutional right is not what our Founding Fathers would have wanted. Another issue that is very controversial right now is gun control in The U. S. Some interpret the 2nd amendment states that all Americans have the right to own guns, and this should not be infringed. Others interpret this as meaning that the only people that should be able to own guns are the military to protect our country . This is a huge topic in America right now because of many violent acts that have happened with guns. Due to these violent acts, we as Americans should consider there are some flaws in controlling who can own a gun. Our President Barack Obama and his administration wish to fix loopholes in the required background checks for buying and owning a firearm. In doing so they hope that guns will not fall into the hands of anyone who has a criminal history, or has a mental illness. They also wish to ban military style assault weapons for civilians. Basically the debate on either side of these issues proves that The United States Constitution is in fact a living document. To state that it is a dead document is to imply that we should abandon this document. That idea in itself is treasonous. To abandon this document would cause a huge uproar in our country, and delete so many vital parts of American history. Since we can obviously add to this document and make changes to it we need to continue doing exactly what we are doing. Before we had this document our country was in complete disunion between states, and our government was very weak. Our country did not run well without this document, and it wouldn't if we decided to consider it a dead ocument. Americans have lived with this document being the law of our land, and have grown used to the way things are. If we can make what has worked in the past continue to work then why change that. In any event we as society look to the Constitution to tell us what our founding fathers wanted this country to be. This document is what America was built on and will continue to grow on. And that is why after over 20 0 years The United Sates Constitution is still a living document that we should never wish to abandon. Work Cited by : http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/news/050801a.aspx http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/anson-kaye/2013/04/25/the-rights-constitutional-hypocrisy-on-the-2nd-and-4th-amendments http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57576700/obama-same-sex-marriage-constitutional-but-an-issue-for-the-states/

Why Sleep Is Matters - 987 Words

Why Sleep Really Matters â€Å"On average, most college students get 6 - 6.9 hours of sleep per night† (â€Å"Sleep Rocks! ...get More of It!†). Sleep is something that not many people think about, whether they do or not doesn’t really matter; what matters is that sleep is a big part of everyday life that is required to live a sustainable life. While most people believe sleep to be a time for your body to rest, actually it is when one’s body is working the hardest (â€Å"Why Do We Need Sleep?†). Sleep is no longer something that comes at the end of the day, but it is a vital part of everyday. To begin most one must realize that sleep is probably if not the most important part of ones day for his or her body. People’s bodies are worked so hard throughout the day, that people need sleep to let their bodies recover. David Rapoport, MD. who is the director of the sleep medicine program at NYU Langone Medical Center describes sleep† Think of sleep as the tune-up you need to run smoothly† (Ratini). David explains to us that sleep is actually a time for your body to repair and restore itself (Ratini). One’s body goes through so much on any given that it need the sleep so it can get replenished. Sleep gives the body the boost it will need to take on the next day. Without sleep one’s body has to work twice as hard to keep up with the daily activity’s a body goes through. Do not think of sleep as just something to pass one through the night, but as a necessary step to ensure one’s body willShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatments O f Sleep Deprivation1036 Words   |  5 Pagesbut when sleep deprived, it may feel like 300 pounds. The simple task of walking from one place to another transforms into a treacherous mountain-climb. Eye-lids become firm bricks. Why can’t the human body just go without sleep for twenty-four hours and feel normal? Unfortunately, that is not how it works, and the body struggles without rest. Insomnia affects more than most people know, and even if they do know, not many are sure why the symptoms occur. Sleep is a rather peculiar action. Why does theRead MoreWhy We Should Not Sleep1657 Words   |  7 PagesWhy We Should Not Sleep in? Why some of us sleep in? The very reason why some are over sleeping, it is because of sleep deprivation and because of that, they are so sleepy and they think that sleep in will retrieve the incomplete time of sleeps to recover. Over sleep in the morning or sleep in is mainly cause by series of sleepless nights, not enough, and not getting the real quality of sleep. Sleep deprivation affects our immune system like stress. The immune system is altered in similar ways byRead MoreAgainst Later Start Time For School849 Words   |  4 Pagesget the extra shut-eye. If we start school later than kids will have to start school earlier and sleep for children is important because it heals you when you sleep and get growth. They can also see why you say fewer tardies but kids will be going to bed later making them still tired. Why we shouldn t start school later. Remember dismissing school later children won t get sleep. Kids will sleep later so teens shouldn’t have school later. If they start class later kids will go to bed laterRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On The Sleep Cycle1205 Words   |  5 Pageswe all need to sleep. C. I am going to present the different theories on why we sleep, the sleep cycle, a few of the different sleeping disorders, and how to sleep better. Transition: We know that everyone needs sleep but why is it actually important? II. Why is sleeping important? A. There actually isn’t any known facts on why we actually need sleep, but there is many theories. 1. According to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), the research that has been done states that sleep is required forRead MoreWhy Do We Sleep?1227 Words   |  5 PagesEvery day I wake up and every night I sleep. My curiosity always wanted to know why do we have to sleep? Some say that we sleep because we do it for energy. However, I never understood that because food and nutrients give us energy. So won’t that mean as long as we are always getting food and nutrients, we will have energy? That really perplexed me. I felt like the energy reason was not sufficient enough. However, I do know that when we sleep it gives our body time to recover. That is plausible,Read MoreHow to Persuade the Audience to Sleep for Eight Hours1054 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline YOU SHOULD SLEEP FOR 8 HOURS Proposition: To persuade the audience to sleep for 8 hours Introduction (Attention Getter) Do you have ever thought that why you feel dizzy even when you take a sleep of up to 6 hours? Why you cannot concentrate at your workplace, or cannot perform your academic activities as you want them to be? Why you often feel sleepy while the lecture is being delivered? Why even after a sleep of 6 hours, you do not feel fresh and vigilant? (PropositionRead MoreNightmares Becoming Reality : Sleep Paralysis850 Words   |  4 PagesThis is primarily what sleep paralysis is. People who have experienced sleep paralysis have said that it s a terrifying event to go through. Very few people actually experience this and the majority of the people that do have some kind of health issue that is related with sleeping. Sleep paralysis is when a person is awake and fully aware of their surroundings but theirs brain and body are still asleep so they cannot move or steak and are completely paralyzed. Also, during sleep paralysis people startRead MoreKing Henry927 Words   |  4 PagesSleep is precious to us. When we sleep, we escape reality for awhile and rest our minds and our bodies. Sleep is a necessity for all people and we falter without it. This particular soliloquy written by Shakespeare from Henry IV, Part II, King Henry is unable to sleep. His state of mind throughout the time during his inability to sleep is for the most p art, frustration but also some jealousy, because others can sleep and he cannot. The Soliloquy starts off with â€Å"How many thousand of my poorestRead MoreSleep Deprivation, Nightmares, And Sleepwalking976 Words   |  4 Pagesgoodnight, our favorite line is â€Å"Goodnight, sleep tight, don’t let the bedbugs bite†. You never thought about your son sleepwalking through the night or even your daughter screaming out her sleep. What about your twins, who are both, having nightmares! Let us think about one more thing, did you even know that this could happen to anyone at any age, even you. Many Americans around the world lack the knowledge of realizing how important sleep really is. The lack of sleep can cause short-term and long-term healthRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Insomnia Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"pull all nighters†, now all I want is to actually have one good night s sleep, or at least half a night s sleep. For those who are completely oblivious to what insomnia is it is characterized as a persistent lack of sleep, but those who have insomnia know that it is so much more than just a lack of sleep. For instance, there are actually different types of insomnia that are categorized by how long you stay awake, if lack of sleep last less than a week then it is considered Transient Insomnia, if it

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Automatic Transfer Law An Effective Policy - 1171 Words

The juvenile justice system has gone through many transformations and changes in sentencing guidelines since its inception. These guidelines were put in place to establish a process through which juveniles are guaranteed resources for a chance at rehabilitation and integration back into society as a law-abiding citizen. Juvenile courts have a wide range of sentencing options which they can impose on juveniles or youth offenders found guilty of a criminal offense. The automatic transfer law is the policy that is used most commonly, in regards to transferring a juvenile to criminal (adult) court. In the 1980s there was a peak in juvenile crime, and there was public outcry that juveniles were plaguing the society with their criminal behavior. Terms such as juvenile super predator and crime time bomb was used to describe the increase in youth crimes. These terms created extreme fear in the public and demanded action are taken against youth offenders. The climate at this time was vulnerable to crime for several reasons. The U.S economy was attempting to recover from a crisis and poor inner cities were faced with extreme poverty. The rise in media likewise played a pivotal role in depicting and exaggerating the growth of juvenile violent crime. This led to hysteria in different cities across the United States and societies called on politicians to get tough on juvenile crime. Therefore, politicians decided to get tough on juvenile crime, thus leading to harsher punishment andShow MoreRelatedAutomatic Transfer Law: An Effective Policy? 1218 Words   |  5 Pagesjudges beliefs re garding the mechanics of how juveniles are transferred, second to examine the judges beliefs about the usefulness of data presented of them and third determined how juvenile judges weigh pertinent psychological concepts linked to transfer cases when making a decision. There were four hypothesis based on previous research and theory, one would be juvenile judges prefer case by case sorting and second juvenile court judges would find information on the Kent concepts useful to theirRead MoreDiffering Interpretation on 2nd Ammendment on Gun Control in U.S.840 Words   |  4 PagesGun control policies regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession and use of firearms. In The United States the issue of gun control has been a hot topic for many years. The second amendment to the constitution the right of the people to keep and bear arms means that individuals may own guns, not just police and military however; Democratic lawmakers believe this may not be the way the amendment was i ntended to be interpreted. One problem with this issue is determining the rights of theRead MoreService Agreement Is Made Effective Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesSERVICE AGREEMENT This Agreement (Agreement) is made effective as of March 29, 2016 by and between Abdul Razak Abdul Mumuni of P.O Box 450, Madina-Accra, Ghana and MEGA FLIGHT SERVICES of P.O. Box CT 4161, Cantonments-Accra, Ghana. In this Agreement, the party who is contracting to receive services will be referred to as ABDUL, and the party who will be providing the services will be referred to as MFS. 1. DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES. Beginning on April 1, 2016, MFS will provide to ABDUL the followingRead MoreThe Insolvency Of The United Kingdom1251 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic recession is often mirrored by an increase in insolvency predicated transfers in turn creating an increased scrutiny of the surrounding law. The insolvency proceedings in the United Kingdom (UK) are underpinned by the Insolvency Act 1986, together with the amendments via the Enterprise Act 2002. Cessation of trading can occur as a result of Court intervention, a voluntary resolution passed by a general meeting or Company voluntary resolutions arrangements with its creditors. The principleRead MoreManaging International Talent Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pages This is because there are fewer centers of power unlike in the decentralized approach where different subsidiaries made their own independent decisions. With a centralized approach the organization can be able to create uniform and well defined policies wh ich are to guide all the undertaking of all the branches. Thus, all the employees and staff members will be following the same guide lines all over the branches (Sinat, 2011). Decision making A centralized decision making would assist a lotRead MoreInternal Controls And Internal Control Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesInternal controls What are internal controls? Internal controls are controls that compromise of practices, policies and procedures employed by an organization to provide reasonable assurance that organization business objectives will be achieved. COSO defines an internal control as a process, affected by an entity s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories: 1. Effectiveness andRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control997 Words   |  4 Pageshappens, we need to realize that our society is not safe and a change need to occur. We need to revise the way the laws is set-up to purchase guns in person and online. â€Å"The widespread availability of firearms has made it easier for criminals to get firearms† (Gun Control). There are currently too many armed citizens running around and people are scared they will snap any day. The way the laws are written many citizens become dangerously to our society due to the easy access to guns and ammunitions. ParentsRead MoreThe Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Laws1528 Words   |  7 Pagesmandatory minimum sentencing laws were enacted. These laws help keep citizens protected, while criminals are incarcerated. John Oliver, the host of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, talks about how mandatory minimum sentencing increases the number of criminals incarcerated, and he believes the length of their prison ti me is longer than it should be. He shows videos of criminals who were convicted under the mandatory minimum law with drug crimes. These videos explain how this law affected each of theseRead MoreThe Port Arthur Massacre : A Killing Spree By Martin Bryant At The Historic Port1259 Words   |  6 Pageseastern Tasmania, Australia. This event saw the implementation of law reform for gun control in both federal and state jurisdictions to remedy justice to future criminals. The media’s attention influenced change for future justice, establishment of political parties and charities led to support for victims of crime as well as ensuring the protecting of constitutional rights. Prior to the Port Arthur Massacre, Australia had very lenient gun laws. The massacre of 35 people with an additional 23 wounded, pushedRead MoreCyber Crimes and Steps to Prevent and Control It1377 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology (IT) because we are in the age of Information Technology and the people with the right information, with proper way of disseminate this information and processing them is considered as the most successful. Information technology is the transfer of information using telecommunication and micro-based computer system. Nowadays, the computer has replaced manual records, and the fraudulent input document has been substituted by manipulating data held in a computer system. This manipulation does

Czech National Gymnastics Organization Free Essays

From 1860 to 1940 the role of organized sports in Europe greatly expanded and grew in popularity. The participation in sports flourished, as so did competition, especially with the development of the Olympic games. The impacts of these organized sports was a positive advance in Europe that furthered nationalist patriotism through unification, encouraged morality, and created a true understanding of the importance of physical health. We will write a custom essay sample on Czech National Gymnastics Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now A strong sense of national pride was cultivated through sports, which can be seen in military effects.The Czechs saw the importance of sports as a way to create the perfect soldier. Miroslav Tyrs, the cofounder of the Czech National Gymnastics Organization stated that the training of athlete produced â€Å"an unbreachable defense on which the assaults of our foes will be shattered. † (Document 1). Sports was seen as symbolic of war and was advertised as a game through British propaganda (Document 6). Soon sports became the training ground, one which was waged against the rest of the world through the Olympic Game. According to Martin Berner, a Berlin journalist in the 1913 article, â€Å"The Olympic games are a war a real war†, â€Å"that gives enough insight into world ranking† (Document 5). Moreover, Japanese traveler Y. Mihashi stated that after his viewing of a Denmark gymnastics competition in 1930 that the athletes were like â€Å"statues come to life, with unbelievable living rhythm† (Document 9). Mihashi also spoke of the ecstasy of the spectators, cheering for their country, and the sense of national pride instilled in them.However, Sir Robert Baden Powell, founder of the boy scouts, criticized the obsessions of spectators in 1908, stating that the games often became vicious and would turn the players into aggressive figures (Document 30). The negative effect sports did have on spectators did not weaken the fact that sports did unify Europe and that the spectators were cheering in unison, but only in a rather un-orderly way. A stricter sense of morality was introd uced throughout the role of organized sports as an outcome of its popularity. Sir Baden-Powell encouraged the playing of sports since it was â€Å"the best training for the game of life† â€Å"developing a lad physically and morally, for he learns to play with good temper and unselfishness† (Document 3). An African delegate of a British colony in 1910 said that in sports lay â€Å"perfect union† and â€Å"a complete subordination of the self† (Document 4). The delegate also precluded that in order for one’s country to succeed in life they must be able to attain unification through the use of organized sports.Besides the development of a strong sense of pride in one’s country and the stricter enforcements of morals, sports also encouraged the improvements of physical health. In not only men but also in women, which furthered the idea of women’s equality through Europe. Soviet Physician Nikolai Semashko in 1928 stated that â€Å"physical culture in the soviet understanding is concerned not with record breaking bu t with people’s physical health†¦ has personal and social hygiene as it’s major objective. † (Semashko, Doc. ) The Soviet’s sports were seen as an integral part of the revolution, improving the well being of all citizens. The role of women also was integrated into the idea of sports and physical involvement, in 1910 women were accepted as part of the Czech gymnastics organization (doc 2), were seen to be needing the same physical training as a man (Doc 10) thereby further establishing a sense of physical equality in 1930, Germany, supported by German physician Alice Profe. And the support of female athletes on a competitive level can be seen by the appearance of females in gymnastics in the 1880’s (Doc 12).Seen to encourage â€Å"courage and agility in women which was traditionally seen as a solely male attribute. Although sports fostered a nationalist attitude it was also seen to encourage peaceful national ties. In â€Å"Peace through sport† from the British National Workers Sports Association in 1935, the international games encouraged peace between nations through â€Å"friendly rivalry between our continental brothers and ourselves on the sports field†¦ it will be much better easier to talk peace and infinitely harder †¦ to stir up war against eachother. (Doc 11). The organized sports of the time period between 1860 and 1940 helped create a sense of national pride, encouraged morality and physical well being, a sense of comradery, women’s equality, as well as peaceful relations between countries, resulting in many advances culturally and socially throughout Europe. . How to cite Czech National Gymnastics Organization, Papers

Business Environment And Societies In The Tropics †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Business Environment And Societies In The Tropics? Answer: Introducation MindChamps Preschool offers a good atmosphere where enrichment and learning programs can be conducted for students ranging from 1 year and 8 months to 6 years of age. The school aims to develop and mentor children socially, physically, spiritually and intellectually to enable them to prepare for future obstacles (Snyder, 2014). The small class sizes enable every child to achieve success. The schools curriculum puts an emphasis on Child Psychology, Theatre, and Neuroscience. The curriculum offers a wide range of activities that will facilitate the transitioning of the children from pre-school to primary school. Type of business: Learning institution MindChamps Preschool is a learning institution that provides a serene environment that encourages and motivates the development of children in the key areas of intellectual, social, spiritual, and emotionally. These skills are imparted through daily activities and the S.M.I.L.E.S. Environment which offer security and engagement (Snyder, 2014). The students are encouraged to develop independent thinking through teacher-assisted and individual activities. Moreover, the serene learning environment and well-structured classrooms foster the learning abilities of the children and enhance creativity. Core services The school offers a curriculum that will prepare the children for primary school. The S.M.I.L.E.S. Environment offers security and engagement to the child while at the same time nurturing their exploration capabilities. Further, the environment prepares the childs brain for future anticipations and optimal growth (Caswell, Chiem Bell, 2010). Another important component of the schools curriculum is conducted at the childrens unique gym, Neuro-Mooves. The gym enhances the development of balance, coordination, motor skills, right brain connectivity, and left brain connectivity. The Narrative Intelligence session ensures the children are successful in their reading activities (Snyder, 2014). Moreover, the session makes the children gain an appreciation and love of books, and also develop the culture of metaphor and story understanding. Location MindChamps Singapore Pte Ltd is located at 480 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh, Level 17 HDB Hub East Wing, Singapore 310480 (Caswell, Chiem Bell, 2010). The immediate environment of the preschool is the Changi Business Park. The Business Park offers a conducive working environment for innovative and forward-looking organizations. The park is home to top technological companies, as well as financial companies including IBM, Huawei, Credit Suisse and many others. Some of the key facilities in the institution include a properly-equipped gym for the children, a spacious outdoor learning environment, and modern classrooms. Staff members and position The school was founded by Mr. David Chiem who also happens to be the Group CEO and Chairman of MindChamps (Snyder, 2014). Mr. Chiem has several well-trained and talented teachers who undergo an intensive and compulsory 200 hours training period before they are recruited. Also, the school has other staff members who support and supplement the learning activities of the preschool. Achievements MindChamps Preschool is an industry leader seeking to positively impact the lives of children and gains recognition as a leader in the education sector. So far, the school has garnered both national and industry-wide awards. In 2015, MindChamps Preschool was recognized and awarded for being Asias Top Influential pre-school brand (Snyder, 2014). This was the first time the school got the award. Brand Alliance determined the school as the winner after conducting online surveys, analysis of the brand, social listening, and face-to-face surveys. Developing an effective workforce At MindChamps preschool, we value the idea of creating an effective work force. Various essential activities enable the school to achieve an effective workforce. To start with, the management sets clear and achievable goals for the employees. By so doing, the employees will work diligently and achieve the performance level expected by the schools management (Nelsey Brownie, 2012). The management is aware of the fact that setting mediocre goals leads to mediocre results. Evidently, every staff member responds to the challenge by stretching their performance capabilities. The school has also created a strong team culture that integrates all the employees into a cohesive, determined, and goal-oriented team. The management works hard to identify the top-achievers and raise their performance levels. This helps to increase the top-performers contribution, as well as initiating training and mentoring programs meant to improve the performance and skills of the employees as a whole (Bedwell, Fiore Salas, 2014). At MindChamps preschool, we imitate and learn from the best and utilize the good models which will positively impact the performance of the workforce. Also, the school achieves an effective workforce by aligning responsibilities and roles. MindChamps Preschool creates a role for each worker based on their competence, or ability to become competent. Also, the management insists on the importance of performing tasks effectively and having a passion to excel. Aligning responsibilities helps the institution to gain a milestone in key activities including learning and co-curricular activities. More importantly, it helps in timely completion of assigned roles. MindChamps Preschool also uses reinforcements to achieve an effective workforce. The reinforcements encourage and enable the repetition of productivity. Moreover, the reinforcements discourage counterproductive activities (Beck Boulton, 2012). The reinforcements at the school are divided into four main groups including extinction, punishment, negative, and positive reinforcements. The positive reinforcements recognize good performance, practices, and attitudes that enhance the schools productivity. The negative reinforcements work to prevent the employees from portraying unwanted behaviors or practices which may lead to negative consequences (Darling-Hammond, Jaquith Hamilton, 2012). Various punishments are also given to employees who portray negative behavior and extinction refers to the firing of the unproductive employees. Job Design using the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) The Job Characteristic Model (JCM) was created by Hackman and Oldman, who were both psychologists in the organizational sector. The Model explains that the job design is related to job satisfaction, work performance, and motivation. The management at MindChamps preschool, therefore, uses this model to determine how the job characteristic affects employees performance. In another perspective, the theory helps the management to study a number of factors that lead to job satisfaction for the employees and the school itself (Wood, Van Veldhoven, Croon, de Menezes, 2012). For this reason, the school improves its job characteristic to include skill variety, task identification, the significance of a task, and feedback. Skill variety requires a worker to possess several skills and talents in order to perform a given job. A variety of skills enables the employees to experience meaningfulness and satisfaction in their jobs. Task identity requires an employee to perform a task to completion, with visible and commendable outcomes. The employees tend to find a task meaningful if they can see a visible and complete outcome (Mark Smith, 2012). The school, therefore, emphasizes the need to work on a given task to completion, rather than working in bits. Task significance refers to the effect of a certain task to the people, whether they are people in the institution or outside the institution. Many people would agree that a job holds significance if it can positively impact other people, whether intellectually, emotionally, or physically. Having understood that their performance will positively impact the world, the employees at MindChamps preschool are motivated to work harder. At MindChamps preschool, the management acknowledges the need for feedback. Workers need regular and clear feedback on matters regarding their effectiveness and performance. This not only works to give them appraisal but also boosts their motivation and self-esteem (Schaufeli Taris, 2014). Finally, Autonomy refers to the flexibility, freedom, discretion, and independence offered by a job. Hence, an employee can determine his/her work schedule and come up with the right procedure of completing the work. For this reason, the school accepts the fact that workers bear a sense of responsibility and should be given their own space to perform tasks. The employees do not need to follow the orders given by the supervisor, or strictly follow the job procedures and manuals (Barrick, Mount, Li, 2013). At MindChamps preschool every employee has the right to feel responsible for individual actions. References Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of management review,38(1), 132-153. Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W. (2014). A critical review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for improving work and health. InBridging occupational, organizational and public health(pp. 43-68). Springer Netherlands. Mark, G., Smith, A. P. (2012). operations stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses.British journal of health psychology,17(3), 505-521. Wood, S., Van Veldhoven, M., Croon, M., de Menezes, L. M. (2012). Enriched job design, high involvement management and organizational performance: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and well-being.Human relations,65(4), 419-445. Beck, A. J., Boulton, M. L. (2012). Building an effective workforce: a systematic review of public healthcare workforce literature.American journal of preventive medicine,42(5), S6-S16. Bedwell, W. L., FiReferencesore, S. M., Salas, E. (2014). Developing the future workforce: An approach for integrating interpersonal skills into the MBA classroom.Academy of Management Learning Education,13(2), 171-186. Nelsey, L., Brownie, S. (2012). Effective leadership, teamwork and mentoringEssential elements in promoting generational cohesion in the nursing workforce and retaining nurses.Collegian,19(4), 197-202. Darling-Hammond, L., Jaquith, A., Hamilton, M. (2012).Creating a comprehensive system for evaluating and supporting effective teaching. Stanford, CA: Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education. Snyder, A. (Ed.). (2014).What Makes a Champion!: Over Fifty Extraordinary Individuals Share Their Insights. World Scientific. Caswell, B., Chiem, D. P. A., Bell, K. (2010).Pre-School Parenting Secrets: Talking with the Sky. World Scientific.